The Biological Model Of Mental Illness - 1356 Words

As defined by experts, a mental illness is a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and involves changes in thinking, emotion, behavior, interpersonal interactions, daily functioning, or a combination. The causes of mental illness are complex and vary depending on the theories associated to the different biological, psychological, and environmental factors. The etiology of mental illness is based on five broad models: biological, psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social. The biological model, or medical model, emerged in the late nineteenth century following the discovery of the correlation between brain damage and abnormal behavior. The critical assumption of the†¦show more content†¦Psychoanalysis is a therapy of psychological theory that aims to treat mental illnesses based on the concepts of Sigmund Freud, who emphasized the importance of free association and dream analysis. The model of psychoanalysis aim is to release repressed emotion and experiences, by making unconscious thoughts, conscious. The fundamental principles of psychoanalysis are practiced by putting an emphasis on the patient to gain insight into the origins of their respective problems like a patient presenting symptoms of anxiety would be encouraged by a licensed professional to explore their past, in hopes of discovering problems that manifested the anxiety. The anxiety created may be a defense mechanism directed towards displacement in their world. The behavioral model proposes that personality and character are exhibited in observable behaviors, and the effects of the environment on the behaviors. The behavioral model is usually found in conjunction to the cognitive model; that understand mental illnesses as a result of error or bias in thinking. The cognitive-behavioral model is based upon the assumption that a human’s thoughts and beliefs are heavy influencers on behavior, emotion, and physiology. Cognitive-behavior therapy focuses on changing a person’s unhealthy and problematic behaviors through behavioral intervention. An example is a man recovered from alcohol addiction works with his therapist to identifyShow MoreRelatedThe Strengths and Limitations of the Biological Model of Abnormality529 Words   |  3 PagesThe Strengths and Limitations of the Biological Model of Abnormality This model uses physical illness as a model for psychological disorder, suggesting that like physical illness, mental illness has an underlying bodily cause. It proposes that genetic, organic or chemical disorders cause metal illnesses which give rise to behavioural and psychological problems. Thus, abnormalityRead MoreMental Health Nursing Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesmultifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that â€Å"fixed† their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that care focuses on many factors. The model demonstrates understanding of how suffering, disease, and illness can be associated by many factorsRead MoreSociological Approaches Of Mental Illness1367 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' The Deviance Model places certain individuals who portray qualities of what we may consider as people with mental illness, where their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors violate own or others expectations (the violation of social norms). This sociological approach is frequently debated where the individual is being conceptualized as either sick or deviant which then reflects on their deviant behavior. Deviant behaviors should not determine whether someone is mentally ill or not. There are individualsRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa (Phychology)1084 Words   |  5 PagesOR MORE EXPLANATIONS FOR MENTAL DISORDERS There are several approaches in psychology which attempt to explain mental disorders. The biological approach sees a mental disorder as a medical problem, it assumes mental illness to have a physical cause and the treatment offered is physical. Behavioural approach emphasise learned behaviour, its treatment is based on conditioning principles. New adaptive behaviours are learned. Other approaches which propose causes of mental disorders as psychologicalRead MoreThe Biological Theory Of Psychology936 Words   |  4 Pagesgoal is the same. Finding the underlying cause of abnormal behaviour and applying treatment. I am going to explain the biological model, also known as the Medical model. The biological model views mental illnesses the same way it views physical illness. The biological model emphasises on the biological and physical bases of behaviour. Biopsychologist who take the biological approach on psychology will look at the functioning of the brain, nervous system (CNS), genetics or chemical processes.Read MorePersonal Theory Of Psychopathology And Progression Of Pathology Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesof mental illness, mental distress or the manifestation of behaviors and experiences, which may be indicators to mental illness, or psychological impairment (Psychopathology, n.d.) Within clinical counseling, the use tends to be in the treatment of mental disorders, the origins or the development of mental disorder. Technologies are being used, as well as have been, developed that require an accurate model, which is always being advanced within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental HealthRead MoreAnalysis Of Health Of Health And Wellness Essay1128 Wo rds   |  5 PagesHealth Views Health is defined by Straub as, â€Å" a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. It involves physical as well as psychological and social well- being† (2012). The well being of an individual also includes social conditions, biological factors, and personality traits (Straub, 2012). Both health and wellness is highly looked over by individuals, this is until they understand how an illness destroys their body. However, to understand the views individuals have towardsRead MoreAbnormal Psychology1154 Words   |  5 Pages Abnormal Psychology: The field of abnormal psychology is a scientific discipline that focuses on examining the causes of mental dysfunction or abnormal behavior. Some of the major areas of study in this field include emotional disturbance, psychopathology, mental illness, and maladjustment. This scientific discipline examines abnormal behavior since such actions are expressed due to psychological dysfunction that contains some features of deviance, potential injury, and distress. As various typesRead MoreHistorical Perspectives of Abnormal Psychology1163 Words   |  5 Pages(Frude, 1998). History shows that theorists continue to develop a variety of theories to explain psychological disorders. These theories usually fall in one of three basic categories: mystical/supernatural (possession of spirits), scientific/medical (biological, imbalances, faulty learning processes, or emotional stressors), and humanitarian (cruelty or inadequate living conditions) (Frude, 1998). Each of these theories and the ong oing advancements in knowledge has been the foundation of the study of abnormalRead MoreAbnormal Psychology967 Words   |  4 Pagescentury. Mental illness was approached from a spiritual point of view. Individuals of certain beliefs would misdiagnose others from the spiritual perspective and would assume that evil spirits controlled his or her’s physical, mental, and observable world (Tyrer, 2010). The following will be covered in this document: the origins of abnormal psychology, classification of normal and abnormal behaviors, how abnormal psychology evolved into a scientific discipline, and the theoretical models related to

Sources Of Economic Growth And Social Justice Essay

3.1 Sources of Economic Growth and Social-Justice Egyptian per-capita income has been significantly improved in the second half of the first decade of 21st century, as it recorded, in average, $1984 (standard deviation $167), compared to $1312 (standard deviation $597), in average, during the first half of the decade. Figure (1) illustrates the development of per-capita income through the first decade of 21th century and it shows that per-capita income growth rates were, in most, negative during the first half of the first decade of 21st century; and then, these negative rates turn to be positive during the second half, which indicates improvement in the level of economic activity during this half of the decade. Figure 1: Per-Capita Income Growth Rates Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators database on the internet. The improvement in the level of economic activity did not support the status of income equality. In contrast, the process of income distribution was in favor of the elites and upper class people in the society, which increases the gap between poor and rich categories in the Egyptian economy (El Mghazy , 2013). In this context, identifying the sources of economic growth will be useful to know something about the effect of economic growth on the issue of social-justice. The Cobb-Douglas production function states that aggregate output is based on three main variables: physical capital, human capital and productivity; and it represented as followsShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Areas From Centralization And Neoliberal Globalisation1684 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant part for various industry sectors. By 2000, more than 500 cities had more than one million inhabitants. According to the United Nations, 54% of the world’s population currently live in urban areas. Urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050, with close to 90 percent of the increase concentrated in Asia and Africa. This significant change of urbanization will lead to challenges in satisfying theRead MoreThe Justice Of Distrib utions And Its Impact On The Economics Of A Society1358 Words   |  6 Pagesmany different approaches to the justice of distributions in societies and there are arguments that can be made to support each of them. Three types of approaches are distribution justice based on a distributive approach that was introduced by John Rawls, emergent which was advocated by Robert Nozick and a market democratic hybrid supported by Tomasi. This paper will illustrate the basic premise of each of these approaches and the impacts that they have on the economics of a society. After briefly explainingRead MoreSocial Justice1736 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion ‘Social justice ... is neither the exclusive terrain of social welfare nor of crime control. Indeed, the boundaries between these two domains tend to be mobile and porous’ (Book  1,  Social Justice: Welfare, Crime and Society, p. 168). Explain and illustrate this with reference to examples drawn from at least  two  chapters from Book  1. According to Newman amp; Yeates (2008) Social Justice is a device that can be called upon to challenge particular forms of inequality or unfairness andRead MoreOECD Economic Surveys : India Case Study980 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed at a meeting of the Economic and Development Review Committee which is charged with the examination of the economic situation of member and key partner countries, and is published on the responsibility of the Secretary General of the OECD. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area OECD Economic Surveys: India © OECDRead MoreMercantilism, Physiocrats Economic Liberal1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthat were proposed practiced in colonial America, mercantilism, physiocrats economic liberal. Mercantilism is a national a â€Å"unified monetary system and coinage, a national s ystem of weighs and measure, elimination of internal tolls on roads and rivers, and a national system of taxes and tariffs†. It was brought about by a need to expand and to promote national economic growth. One of the first systematic economic theories with laws for both foreign and domestic trade, the government and the merchantRead MoreIslamic World View Beyond Islamic Development Strategy Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesfoundation of differences in any system, including economic system. As Chapra (1992) said that worldview performs the same function for an economic system as the foundation does for a building: even though the supporting foundation is invariably invisible and unmentioned, it continues to play a determining role.† In general, there are three major economic systems which based on completely distinct worldviews: capitalism, socialism, and Islamic economic system. Capitalism and socialism as the prevailingRead MoreApplying An Undergraduate Degree At A Respected University1484 Words   |  6 PagesI aspire to be a lawyer in order to defend the accused with the power of law and ensure justice. In order to achieve my goal, I must complete an undergraduate degree at a respected university, complete the Law School Admission Test with successful results, attend an established law school, and complete the Barrister and Solicitation exams. The core tasks of a lawyer include advising a client on their rights and representation in the court, constructing legal documents, and specializing in differentRead MoreChapter 23 Ap Euro Online Quiz1177 Words   |  5 Pages Your Results: | The correct answer for each question is indicated by a  . | | | | 1 | CORRECT | | The romantic movement involved all of the following EXCEPT | | | | | A) | a conviction that emotion and experience are the sources of the most profound truths. | | | | | | B) | a fascination with the power and mystery of nature. | | | | | | C) | a celebration of the genius that enabled certain people to convey profound insights through art. | | | Read MoreSocial Equality And Political Freedom1563 Words   |  7 PagesA) It is unsurprising that social equality and political freedom are positively correlated with environmental protection and sustainability. This is observed as as environmental problems bear down disproportionately upon the poor, who do not share the same equalities and freedoms as others (Agyeman et al., p. 1). This relationship exists due to increased political power enjoyed by the wealthy and required corporate profit maximization for shareholders. Political power and voracious desire for profitsRead MoreA Consequentialist Action Is The Moral Worth Of An Act891 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of happiness altogether. One of the most important social roles is conscious gratification in convey what is gendered equality on jobs, in health care, and with education utilizing the utilitarian theory. Acts like changing policies to promote gender equality that utilize skills and knowledge of women for the greatest number of people from the greatest amount of happiness is utilitarianism. Gender equality ought to be about equal justice. Held (n.d) contrasts the history of male and female

Why Euro Disney Failed - 1338 Words

Euro DiSney Disneyland Paris is operated by French company Euro Disney S.C.A., a public company of which 39.78 percent of its stock is held by The Walt Disney Company, 10 percent by the Saudi Prince Alwaleed and 50.22 percent by other shareholders. The senior leader at the resort is chairman and CEO Philippe Gas. history The complex was a subject of controversy during the periods of negotiation and construction in the late 1980s and early 90s, when a number of prominent French figures voiced their opposition and protests were held by French labour unions and others. A further setback followed the opening of the resort as park attendance, hotel occupancy and revenues fell below projections. The complex was renamed from Euro Disney†¦show more content†¦Also, a 360-degree movie, based on the adventures of Jules Verne, features well-known European actors. The Disney organization does seem to focus a bit too much on hair. Main Street, USA, the heart of Euro Disneyland, it promises, will feature an old time Harmony Barber Shop to deal with messy hair and hairy chins — and perhaps even offending mustaches. One difference from California or Florida: Parts of Main Street and waiting areas to get into the attractions will be covered over as a concession to Pariss rainy weather. Euro Disneylands short distance to Paris is a definite attraction. Anyone tiring of American or fake European culture can reach the Louvre art museum by express railway in less than an hour — from Minnie Mouse to Mona Lisa in a flash. Communications figured largely in the Disney organizations decision to site its fourth theme park near Paris. The site is within a two-hour flight of 320 million Europeans. The opening of Eastern Europe is another prize for the company, which thinks that millions of people will put Disneyland at the top of a list of places to visit on their first trip to Western Europe. How to succeed in Shanghai? – Bench marking Tokyo Disney land What’s happening in Japan Tokyo Roof is one of hundreds of amusement parks, sports centers, and resorts opening all over Japan as this hard-working nation brings its characteristic efficiency andShow MoreRelatedEuro Disney Case Study1353 Words   |  6 Pagesstill are to great success. Tokyo Disney followed with a slow start but quickly became a successful cash cow like the 2 parks in the United States. Disney next projected success was Euro Disney, today it goes by DIsney Paris. Disney was confident and quite optimistic that the 4th Disney theme park, located just over 30 minutes drive from one of the worlds biggest tourist attractions, Paris would be no different. Some would say a little too confident. However, Disney made some major planning mistakesRead MoreEurodisney Business Case1332 Words   |  6 Pagescustomers? * The idea was market Euro Disney as a complete holiday package and encouraging people to stay in the hotels and eat all meats in the complex. * While setting prices the Company was unable to estimate spending patterns of European consumers and competitors price alternatives. Due to the location advantage and incredible accomodation prices consumers prefer to stay in the city center. * Travel time to Paris city center from Euro Disney is only 35 minutes and cost of accomodationRead MoreCase 2-1 Eurodisney1224 Words   |  5 Pages1.What factors contributed to Euro-Disney’s poor performance during its first year of operation? What factors contributed to Hong Kong Disneys poor performance during its first years?  · they were over charging there customers and breaking the customers banks, to where they could not afford to go there basically.  · when comparing flight prices, it was actually cheaper to go to Florida and stay there, rather than going to theirs also the weather in Florida is more suited to family conditions usuallyRead MoreEurodisney Business Case1340 Words   |  6 Pagescustomers? * The idea was market Euro Disney as a complete holiday package and encouraging people to stay in the hotels and eat all meats in the complex. * While setting prices the Company was unable to estimate spending patterns of European consumers and competitors price alternatives. Due to the location advantage and incredible accomodation prices consumers prefer to stay in the city center. * Travel time to Paris city center from Euro Disney is only 35 minutes and cost of accomodationRead MoreDisney Land in Europe997 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion no. 1: What are some of the characteristics of multinational enterprises that are displayed by the Walt Disney Company? †¢ They have to be responsive to different forces of home country and host country at the same time although Euro Disney do not have any big competitor as it was the largest amusement park opened in France but it failed to study accurately external environment, needs and wants of people, culture, price, policies, economic, social and legal issues. They should keep localRead MoreHofstedes Four Cultural Differences1410 Words   |  6 Pagesvery high the United States is on the low side of the power distance index. When a country has a lower power distance this proposes that they support a greater equality between social classes. This is why the French were unhappy with the decision to appoint Americans to the top positions of the Disney Company when they weren’t even able to speak French very well. They felt as though locals should have received the positions. The next cultural difference would be uncertainty avoidance. UncertaintyRead MoreDisneyland Paris1410 Words   |  6 Pagesyou wish upon a star and dreams come true - Disney heroes and heroines live in fairytales that are, happily, never ending...† (disneylandparis.co.uk 2011) Source: http://disneylandparisdeals.net/cheap-disneyland-paris-deals/ INTRODUCTION Walt Disney opened his first Disney Park in California in 1955 with a pride of the US President Ronald Reagan being one of his guests (disneydreamer.com 2011). The success was followed by opening Walt Disney World in Florida in 1971 and in Tokyo in 1983Read MoreNational Office Machines Case1355 Words   |  6 PagesCase 2-1: The Not-So-Wonderful World of EuroDisney’--- Things Are Better Now at Disneyland Resort Paris 1. What factors contributed to Euro Disney’s poor performance during its first year of operation? What factors contributed to Hong Kong Disney’s poor performance during its first year?   The factors that led to Euro Disney’s poor performance were the lack of understanding of the French culture, mistaken assumptions, and ethnocentrism by the American management. Since the prices of the hotelsRead MoreAnalysis Of Disney s It s A Small World Ride Perfectly Exemplifies The Ideal Of Globalization Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexemplifies the ideal of globalization that The Walt Disney Company portrays on its website: a peaceful, hopeful, interconnected world filled with people whose everyday experiences are enriched by their interactions with those from cultures and countries beyond their own. â€Å"While â€Å"it’s a small world† is a common theme in discussions of globalization, it also represents a core philosophy of the Walt Disney Company in its quest to constantly expand the Disney universe† (Wasko 63). In working to make theRead MoreThe Impact Of Disney On The Disney Company1588 Words   |  7 PagesDisney is striving to this adop t this type of media within it’s operations to make it more appealing to it’s customers. Most recently, Disney has altered it’s website 3 times in 5 years, possessing a game like appearance. In order stay competitive, they have to make making investments into upstart technologies. Disney purchased Marker Studios for $500 million. Marker Studios consist of an online network of comedians, performers, and educators. The benefit of Marker Studios, is the availability of

Similarities Between Christianity And Buddhism - 980 Words

Comparison There are similarities between Christianity and Buddhism, but they also have many differences. Christians follow the word of God, prayers, the sacraments, and etc., while Buddhists follow the eightfold path, which includes morality, concentration, wisdom, and etc. The goal of Christianity is to follow the commandments of God, spread his word to everyone, and get to heaven, while the goal of Buddhism is to reach Nirvana. The process is different from Christianity, because Christians believe eternal life; people either go to heaven or to hell based on the judgement the Father gives based on the basis of brotherly love. In Buddhism, individuals are reborn into different lives after death, and their rebirth is dependent on karma, which is dependent on their actions. Even though there is ideological difference between these two religions, the core beliefs are all about caring for others, hormonal relationship between body, mind and spirit. Both religions promote love and compassion toward s others in order to build strong relationships. People have to do good in order to go to a good place, either heaven, Nirvana, or a good rebirth and bad deeds take people to either hell or a bad rebirth. When we look at these two different faiths closely, it is obvious that these two faiths act as moral agents. They are holding high moral values of compassion, love, kindness and mercy. People get healed with their strong faith and religious actions. Every religion has emphasized theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Christianity And Buddhism807 Words   |  4 Pagespreferences. The following is a comparison between Christianity and Buddhism. Buddhism and Christianity are both religions that have a substantial history and millions of dedicated followers throughout the world. In some ways, the two religions are similar, being based largely on the teachings of a single man; Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha in the case of Buddhism, and The Lord Jesus Christ in the case of Christianity. On the other hand there are various differences between these two religions. In the ChristianRead MoreSimilarities Between Buddhism and Christianity814 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerally acknowledged that Buddhism and Christianity are ancient and global religions; however, whether the belief in Buddhism is credible or not, has sparked spirited debate. The Christian believes the Buddha is a â€Å"shadow†, and he is not to be believed. Actually, there are some similarities in terms of histories, main figures, and beliefs between Buddhism and Christianity. In order to solve sources of conflict, the Buddhists and the Christians should understand the parallels between both religions and respectRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pagesand Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and they are Buddhism, TaoismRead More Comparing Buddhism and Christianity Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Buddhism and Christianity In the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. DuringRead MoreBuddhism and Christianity1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. During the middl e of the seventh century NestorianRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism : A Nation Of Many Religions Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life, so they relay themselves on religion. Christianity and Buddhism are two ancient religions which both have being on earth for a long time. Both religions are based on the teachings of one man. Moreover, they have many similarities as well as differences. They both have a place of adoration. For Christians is a church, chapel, cathedral, and may others. For Buddhism is a monastery, nunneries, pagodas, and temples. Both Christianity as Buddhism believe on the adoration of something, which willRead MoreEssay on Health Care Provider and Faith Diversity1051 Words   |  5 Pagespatient in the course of offering medical care to the patient. The Christianity and Buddhism belief systems are reviewed to determine the similarities and differences in the provision of health. It is important to note that healing occurs while there is a balance between the body, mind, physical connections, spirit and emotions. Through out the interviews; I found similarities in belief system between the Buddhism and the Christianity in the provision of healthcare; in both religions, there is a greatRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism And Christianity1468 Words   |  6 PagesChristianity and Buddhism exist as two of the predominant religions throughout the worl d. While Buddhism ranks around fifth in number of followers of religions, it is the third most widespread religion behind Christianity and Islam. Buddhism and Christianity are arrantly distinct in their principle standpoints: Buddhism rejects the existence of a greater being and Christianity proudly professes the power of a universal God. However, despite this rigid dissimilarity, both religions developed and spreadRead MoreReflection Paper About Religion1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthere are many words that cannot be translated amongst different languages; Since languages reflect relationships, attitudes, ideas, and values of the culture. It may seem irrelevant or silly to discuss languages when considering the similarities and differences between religions. But, in my most humble opinion, different religions are truly teaching and expressing the same concepts. And rather the differences lie within the different rituals, norms, rules, or customs practiced by each religion. ThereforeR ead MoreThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagestime, the view of religion is changing, certainly, all religions are different in many aspects, but respect the opposing religious groups. Examples of these religions are Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity that originated from different regions and cultures. While Buddhism comes from a different background, Islam and Christianity come from the same source, and have spread in similar ways throughout history, however, the three religions have differences in their philosophies and practices. These three

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. Free Essays

string(144) " their products contain no packaging at all\); the packaging that they do use is 100% recyclable and are made from used plastics and cardboard\." Introduction Lush is about passion and innovation: passionate about the nature, environment and growth; and innovative for its handmade, unpacked and fresh cosmetics, seductive perfumes, and natural products. Born from the ashes of Cosmetics to Go, Lush is now headquartered in Poole, Dorset in the UK. The company was initially registered with the Companies House by the name of Cosmetic House Limited in 1994 but was later renamed to Lush in the year 1995. We will write a custom essay sample on A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. or any similar topic only for you Order Now It now operates over 600 stores in 43 countries worldwide. The fuel for this growth has been the result of adopting fresh natural ingredients, ideas and fun. The company’s’ ideology is the most important part of everything that it signifies. Lush produces and sells a range of handmade products, like face masks, soaps, bath bombs, bubble bars, hand and body lotions, hair treatments, etc. Lush uses natural resources like fruits, vegetables, essential oils, and synthetic ingredients without any animal fat in all its products. It is also against animal testing and performs tests solely with volunteers instead. This philosophy of its leaders attracts like-minded people, staff and clients, and communicates the brand essence with a clear vision and direction. History The original incarnation of what is now Lush began in the 1970s when Mark Constantine, an herbal trichologist, and Elizabeth Weir, incorporated a company named Constantine Weir. They began with developing recipes for bath and beauty products and toted them round to potential buyers. Their verdict was: â€Å"Too earnest, very authentic, not at all commercial.† Constantine Weir was one of the associate and suppliers to The Body Shop (acquired by L’Oreal in 2006), a UK -based company founded in 1976 by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_RoddickAnita Roddick. As The Body Shop grew, Anita made a bid the rights to many of the products produced by Constantine Weir for The Body Shop. It was good to be associated with the fastest growing cosmetic company in the world which was using products and ideas by CW. This association was hampered after The Body Shop floated in 1984, when the partnership became uncomfortably formal. The Body Shop eventually bought the intellectual property rights to the business of Constantine Weir for ?9m in 1991. CW managed to dodge the buyout by starting a new company named ‘Cosmetics to Go’ in 1988. This company was primarily a mail-order business which failed ignominiously in 1994. However, CTG managed to obtain new finance from Peter Blacker, of British Ensign Estates and his finance director Andrew Gerrie, who now form an integral part of the board of Lush. In 1994, CTG was renamed to Lush as result of a contest wherein they requested their existing customers to suggest a new name. Leadership team Peter Blacker and Andrew Gerrie were the first to help Constantine when CTG was already in agony and later were responsible in establishing Lush. Gerrie, an opulent entrepreneur had tremendous experience in cash and finance, was a great support to Constantine after having lost his confidence following the CTG debacle. Gerrie had a catalysing effect on the growth of Lush’s fortunes and is leading the expansion of the company. Constantine’s expertise in producing cosmetics is well complemented by Andrew’s ability of managing finances. Constantine and Andrew are the recognised leaders of the company. Besides being experts in their respective fields, they are socially intelligent, organisationally efficient and have a strong sense of imagination. The leadership team of Lush includes Elizabeth Bennett, Helen Ambrosen, Karl Joseph Bygrave and Margaret Joan who are also the shareholders. Global brand Lush is a leading global brand with over 600 stores and subsidiaries in 43 countries worldwide and production laboratories in Europe, Canada, Australia, South America, Singapore and Japan. Their aim is to offer â€Å"the freshest products in the history of cosmetics.† All the stores in UK are fully owned by the company and the stores overseas are subsidiaries with local managers. The Lush store partnership model ensures management coherence and commitment with the company. Personal ownership adds motivation while willingness to invest in Lush means that the Lush concept is endorsed. At the same time Lush remains directly involved and able to steer the branch. Lush does not supply any other retailer so everything they produce is only sold in Lush shops or on-line from Lush websites. Products Lush produces many different types of cosmetic products, from hair, face, body, and foot care, all the way to bath and shower care. Lush creates solid products to reduce packaging waste and the need for preservatives. Solid products are sold wrapped in paper or in small bags. Lush encourages customers and staff to purchase products using their own shopping bags to be more eco-friendly and even motivate customers to let their products go â€Å"naked† (without any packaging whatsoever). Some examples of Lush’s solid products include bubble bath bars, shampoo bars, hair conditioner bars, solid shower gel, and massage bars. Lush also carries bath bombs, also called bath ballistics, which are solid balls made of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid that fizz as they dissolve in the bath, releasing essential oils that scent the bath and soften the skin, and in some cases glitter, confetti, flower petals or seaweed. They hand-make the products in a factory in small batches based on orders from individual stores in order to keep their products fresh. In order to stay in touch with their fresh standard, Lush does not sell any product in their store that’s older than 4 months and most products have a total shelf life of approximately 14 months. Ingredients Lush lists their product ingredients in English as well as Japanese, French and many other languages, and uses fruit, vegetables, other plant products, and safe synthetics. Many products are labeled with a use-by date and who made the product. All Lush products are vegetarian, and less than 30% contain animal products such as beeswax, honey, free range, unfertilized eggs and lanolin. Lush uses minimal packaging (over 70% of their products contain no packaging at all); the packaging that they do use is 100% recyclable and are made from used plastics and cardboard. You read "A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd." in category "Essay examples" Products which contain no animal ingredients at all are marked as vegan in Lush catalogues, on store displays, and on the container itself. Lush uses methyl- and propyl- parabens, which have been used in food preservation and are both made of plant materials. Only the liquid products contain parabens; solid products have no preservative content as it is water that can breed bacteria in products. 70% of Lush products are preservative-free. Ethos and campaigning Lush does not buy from companies that carry out, fund, or commission any animal testing. Lush itself tests its products on human volunteers before they are sold. In keeping with its stated ethos, Lush has also begun to phase out its use of sodium palm kernelate. Sodium palm kernelate is derived from trees in the natural habitat of orguntans. Greenwash, a pine scented soap, is the first soap to be made using palm-free soap noodles, but as of 2008 all Lush soaps are made with palm-free soap base. Their aim is to have â€Å"100% of [their] packaging easily recyclable, compostable or biodegradable†. Lush is a supporter of controversial direct action, animal rights operations including the Sea Shepherds, a group that works to protect whales, seals, and other aquatic animals. In 2007 Lush started openly supporting campaigning groups by sending a dozen cheques for ?1000 each, including road protests groups such as Road Block and NoM1Widening, Hacan Clear Skies (anti-aviation group), and Dump the Dump (which is fighting against an incinerator) They introduced the â€Å"Charity Pot† body lotion, each pot promotes a different small charity on the lid, and the full purchase price (except for VAT) goes to charity. They have also introduced a range of â€Å"Go Green† products that they say are inspired by Rebecca Lush (no relation), a roads campaigner who set up Road Block in the early 1990s and who pied Jeremy Clarkson for his glorification of the car. Benefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Listing on a stock exchange can add value to a business of any size. Moreover, stock exchange listing cast a wider net into the capitalization pool i.e. the potential sources of equity funding, when a company is planning for expansion and leveraging. A listing will also to attach importance to Employee Share Ownership Scheme of Lush. By obtaining a listing on a stock exchange, Lush will gain market exposure to a broader membership of the financial community including market makers, traders, retail investors and various financial institutions. This will eventually benefit Lush it’s a growing business and worth investing. Thus, listing will potentially increase capital investments of Lush, as opposed to private negotiations and networking, providing a better exposure to a larger financial market and wider range of investors.Being listed on an exchange implies that Lush meet the requirements and standards set by the exchange. This will add credibility to its business and therefore enhance its brand equity by improve customer’s perception of value in the company and its products. Moreover, listing will enhance financial information and investor public relations through the information/disclosures made available as required by listed companies. Listing will facilitate Lush to ascertain its Enterprise Value and share price. A need for capital investment is one of the main factors for Lush to lists on a stock exchange. Lush is a product based company and requires capital for producing inventories. Given the fact that they use on natural ingredients, their products are slightly expensive since they have to import or cultivate their ingredients regularly. Stock market listing will provide wider and more accessible forms of investment for both investors and businesses. This will largely support a free market for buyers and sellers to meet, access and trade capital for ownership and vice versa. It could also be used as one of several sources of capital leveraging. Lush finances its production through debt. Their debt gearing is a striking 40.63% which is very high for a product manufacturing company. Also their interest cover of 13.84% is also high. Listing on the exchange will provide a low cost of capital financing. It will also provide increased capitalization through wider market exposure and reduce the reliance on alternative sources of funding such as venture capital firms. This lower reliance for alternative sources of financing will improve negotiating leverage of the company when obtaining financing from venture capital firms whether it be through less liability protection as determined by the stock ownership terms or lower cost of capital. In other words, if the market exposure gained through listing is positive, the effects on financing can also be positive. To summarize, listing a business on a stock exchange may be a good idea for a business seeking improved market awareness, greater potential for capital investment, enhancements to brand equity and negotiating influence etc. Listing on an exchange should probably be in line with or in accordance with business strategy, otherwise the listing may be premature or unnecessary. Free Cash Flow Valuation The discounted-cash-flow approach attempts to determine the value of the company (or â€Å"enterprise value†) by computing the present value of cash flows over the life of the company. Since a corporation is assumed to have infinite life, the analysis here is broken into a forecast period and a terminal value. Ideally, the forecast period should equate with the interval over which the firm enjoys opportunities for relatively high growth. The value of the company derived from free cash flows occurring after the forecast period is captured by a terminal value. To estimate the terminal value, cash flows are projected under a steady state assumption that the firm enjoys no opportunities for abnormal growth. Once a schedule of free cash flows is developed for the enterprise, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used to discount them to determine the present value. The sum of the present values of the forecast period and the terminal value cash flows provides an estimate o f company or enterprise value. Free cash flow equals the sum of NOPAT (net operating profits after taxes.), plus depreciation and noncash charges, less capital investment and less investment in working capital. NOPAT is used to capture the earnings after taxes that are available to all providers of capital (i.e., NOPAT has no deductions for financing costs). Moreover, since the tax deductibility of interest payments is accounted for in the WACC, such financing tax effects are also excluded from the free cash flow, which can be expressed as: FCF=NOPAT + Depreciation – CAPEX – ?NWC NOPAT is equal to Operating Income x (1-Tc) where Tc is the marginal tax rate (30% equal to the UK corporate tax rate). Assumptions All items were taken from financial statements of Lush. The growth figures of sales for the year 2010 has been taken to be 30% which is the average sales growth form the year 2005-2009. After obtaining listing the company is supposed to have enough funds for operation and will not require any debt financing. Hence, the growth rate is likely to growth at an average 5% for the 1st five years from its listing. This phenomenon was also observed in the case of body shop where its growth shot up rapidly (22.54% in 1984 to an avg growth rate of 37.19% in 1989)over the 1st five years from its listing on the stock exchange. The risk free rate is taken to be 4% as an average risk free rate of debt. Also the risk premium has been assumed to be 4%. The cost of debt assumed is 11.5% because Lush does a lot of short term borrowing and rates are high and generally fluctuate. Also their gearing has been really high and implies that they pay a very high rate of interest. The stock beta has been obtained from The Body Shop (now L’Oreal). The Body Shop has been used as a comparable company since its origination, method of operations and business is very similar to Lush. Some of the items have been expressed as a percentage of Sales to help us in our forecasts (% of Sales approach). The given growth rates of L’Oreal have been used to compute Sales for 2010-SS.2 COGS and SGA can be approximated on the basis of their past relationship with Sales. We have assumed that this relationship will be the same in the future. We have assumed that fixed assets will continue to grow at a rate of 40.75% which represents the average growth in fixed assets between 2005-2009. In reality, it is unlikely that Lush assets will be growing at such high rate forever. The historical depreciation/Fixed Assets ratio (average) is 23.4%. Given that there is no great variation in this historical ratio one can safely assume that the relationship between the two will be maintained in the future. We can then calculate an estimate for fixed assets and as a result depreciation itself as a function of fixed assets. Valuation Stages We assume that the valuation exercise is performed at the end of 2009, i.e. that the first FCF (end 2009) arrives 1 year from the time of the valuation. Terminal Value is then calculated as follows: Terminal Value = FCFSteady State ? (WACC ? gss)4 This is the value of all cash flows after 2014 as of the end of 2014 that then needs to be converted to value today (i.e. end of 2009). So it needs to be discounted 5 periods back. PV Terminal Value = Terminal Value / (1+WACC) Then the PV of the FCFs from 2010 to 2014 is: PVFCF2010-2014 = FCF2010/(1+WACC)+ FCF2011/(1+WACC)^2 + FCF2012/(1+WACC)^3 + FCF2013/(1+WACC)^4+ FCF2014/(1+WACC)^5 The Enterprise Value is then given by PV Terminal Value + PVFCF2010-2014 This is the value of the firm to all providers of capital. To get the equity value one needs to subtract the value of total debt (ST Debt + LT Debt) The terminal value growth rate used in the valuation is 15%, which equals the long-term risk-free rate; i.e., the long-term Treasury yield. Cosmetics companies are non-cyclical companies and have very little impact of inflation on their growth. Also Lush is one of its kind, and is therefore expected to growth at 15%. Looking at the its previous growth figures (18.94% CAGR for the past 15 years), 15% is a justified steady state growth rate. The resulting Enterprise Value is 81.02mil and the value of Equity 47.59mil. The corresponding per share figure is 2.13 pence which can then be compared to future actual share prices. References http://www. chx.com/content/Trading_Inform ation/Listing_standards.html ht tp://www.nasdaq.com/about/list ing_information.stm http://www. cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/U SStockExchs.html http://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=OR.PA http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=OREP.PA 1. â€Å"Soap Stars†, The Business FT Weekend Magazine, 08.06.02 2. www.lush.co.uk 3. From a Lush shopping bag and website (www.lush.co.uk) 4. Lush mission statement 5. Marketing: Lush Gets a Makeover†, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus Graduate School of Business, available on-line at www.brianlhill.com/projects/ExperienceMarketing_Lush.pdf 6. Reported by Sarah McCartney, Editor of Lush Times 9 Mary Linehan, Lush Press Office 10. â€Å"Living the Lush life† by Marge C. Enriquez, Lifestyle, 10.12.01 How to cite A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd., Essay examples

Over Population (1509 words) Essay Example For Students

Over Population (1509 words) Essay Over PopulationOne of the more extreme measures taken in an attempt to control population has been China’s one-child policy. Population advocate Garet Hardin suggests the rest of the world adopt similar policies. This paper is to show a country’s government acting on theories that Hardin is popular for and the ethical and environmental effects that it had on people and the land. Hardin fails to see the ethical problems laid out by governments that suppress peoples thoughts and beliefs. Hardin states that throughout most of history there’s been no need for concern about population control. Nature would come along with epidemic diseases and take care of the matter for us. Disease has been the primary population controller in the past. Because widespread disease and famine no longer exist, we have to find other means to stop population increases (Spencer 1992, pp.61-2). Mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon is a misnomer as Hardin routinely supports the actions of authoritarian governments who rarely seek consent for their actions. When asked about the one child policy Hardin said that the Chinese government didn’t go far enough. He gave the Chinese credit for officially recognizing that they have a problem and for having the nerve to propose the single-child program .. he thought the failure was by not making the directive universal throughout the country. The one-child policy is only enforced in congested urban areas. People in rural regions continue to have too many children so the Chinese haven’t solved their problems at all. (Spencer 1992, p.60). Before 1950, there was an old Stalinist custom in China of rewarding â€Å"heroic mothers† giving birth to the largest number of children. This was more then a custom it was a way of life in China till Ma Yin Chu began to publish some articles on population. Ma Yin Chu was the pre sident of Beijing University and was one of the first people to voice his concern over the steady growth of China’s population. Between 1959-1961 there was a great famine in China that got everyone’s attention. Resources for such a large population were scarce. The government recognized that something had to be done about the population. Distribution of contraception’s, promotion of late marriages, and two child families were all part of a post famine campaign by the government. This lasted less then four years as China’s population began to increase again. The government began to release propaganda. The slogan Wan Xi Shao, Later Longer Fewer, ran through the streets of China. The efforts focused on the postponement of marriages, increased spacing of births, and the limitation of family sizes. The government’s efforts were vastly ignored in the countryside. Around the time Ma Yin Chu began to publish articles on population, the Communist rule took over in China. The Communist were ruled by Mao Zedong. Mao directed most of his energy into the Chinese economy. In 1958, Mao created an economic plan called the great leap forward. This plan called for the people to use their will power to improve the economy. The lack of technology and capital made the plan back fire and lead the people into the great famine. In the early to mid 1960’s the Communist party split into the radicals and the moderates. Mao gave his support to the radicals and tried again to focus on the economy. Coming off the great famine many wanted Mao to find a solution to the growing population. China still was not ready to recognize the stress the population had on the country. The United States relations with China had been weak mostly because of the Communist view. In 1972, Richard Nixion decided to visit China. Both countries began to recognize the potential economic benefits of trade between the nations. This improved relationship gave China a better look of the modernization that was currently going on in the west. In 1978, China decided that they liked what they saw. .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .postImageUrl , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:visited , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:active { border:0!important; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:active , .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3 .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2c75b1521eae015d24eef66872c83d3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Report On Youth Violence EssayHaving more than one fifth of the world’s population, China had very little power in the world. In 1978, China realized they already had the manpower, so they set out to modernize the country. The efforts to modernize made China take a hard look at their population. They saw that foreign trade of their resources were limited because of the demand they had in their own country. This held back the economy and finally got the attention of the Chinese government. The one child policy began in 1979. It was China’s greatest effort to contain the population and to improve the economy. Economists stated that China needed to limit its population to about 1.2 billion by the year 2000 in order to achieve economic success. The one child campaign and its effectiveness rested on a combination of rewards and penalties. Rewards for the one child families included cash bonuses, preferential housing, job, and school enrollments, and free medical care and schooling for the child in the cities. For peasants, rewards were less appealing because there were no real benefits for framing. Penalties for more than two children included withdraw of health subsidies and paid maternity leaves, reduced rations for foodstuffs, and workpoint reductions. The one child policy often broke down in the country side. Urban families mostly followed the government rule but rural areas saw the laws enforced less frequent. In the countryside if your first child is a girl yo u can seek permission to try for a second for a son. The government accepts that in the countryside a son is needed to inherit the land and to look for the elderly parents. The cities were different mostly because they were in the transition to become a modern society. Here the government instilled the notion that it was for the good of their country to abide by the one child policy. The one child policy philosophy places the importance on the welfare of the country as a whole instead of individual interests. A benefit of the policy has some Chinese saying that a smaller population leads to a country with bigger spaces which provide the Chinese people with greater opportunities for development. Such views were not widely shared in all of China. The push by the government lead to a great deal of resentment and a wide spread evasion and defiance. Many cited the mental cost of the program ; the anguish, resentment, anger, depression, and regrets of those families who have to submit. An old Chinese tradition, the concept of duozi duofu , more sons more happiness, remains strong among the countryside. Look at the facts, virtually no women in China (0.06-0.1 %) wanted to be childless, and fewer than 5 percent of families in the countryside wanted to stop at one child. Many believed that three of four children would be an ideal in a family. It has seems that some people in the cities did infact accept the government belief on the one child policy. Some people think they bought into the propaganda and was manipulated into thinking that there is a better quality of life with modernization. While many in the cities obey the population standards in thinking that their communistic belief is helping the world they are now contributing t o higher fossil fuels and pollutants. The trade off from the shifts of the way in life in China sees those who do not desire the large families desire things like automobiles which the demand has doubled over the past ten years. So while many agree that over population does lead environmental hazards such as food and fuel shortages the new way of life also seems to have a negative effect on the environment. Hardins critique of the China’s failure in the one child policy is too broad and falls short. His thoery on the stratergy of having the rich countries serve as life boats for the poor is too narrow. He is iggnorat to any of the deatils of his theories. What defines a rich country or a poor country. Who is rich, who is poor? Are the people in China’s countryside all that poor? Economicaly spaeking they mirrior those of the thrid world countries. But, are they leading a poor life if they are allowed to act on their hertage?Hardin fails to admit the ethical problem tha t the government poses on their people. His focus seems to be of lack of membership in urban or lack of policing those areas. He does not admit that part of the failure is that the policy was not a shared belief by the Chinese. It was imposed from above and with many contradicting and disrespecting the ethics of many generations. BibliographyResources :? People’s Mouths. China’s Environment. .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .postImageUrl , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:visited , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:active { border:0!important; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:active , .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4 .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf23a1091e6ddd7cf4ecf9274587943a4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Naming and describing plant parts Essay? Asia. Keeping China off the Rocks. The Economist February 10th 1996. -Easterbrook Gregg. Inconceivable, The New Republic. November 23rd, 1998. -Spencer, Cathy. Interview: Garrett Hardin. Omni, vol. 14, no.9, June 1992, pp.54-63. ? Social Issues

Impact of Branding in Sales or Organizational Development

Question: Discuss about theImpact of Branding in Sales or Organizational Development. Answer: Introduction Branding is a very important aspect for any organization to achieve a high significance and stability in the market. The organizations which are established as a reputed and well known brand are widely preferred and trusted by the customers. The organization envisioned here for the study of the branding and its impacts o the sales and organizational development is McDonalds Australia. McDonalds is the largest chain of restaurants serving hamburgers serving numerous customers around the world. Started in The United States, this food chain has significantly grown in various countries and now has a well developed image and is known as a highly reputed brand. This is due to the innovative strategy development and adaptation of amazing branding strategies (Antr`as et al , 2013). The marketing campaigns of the company are immensely impactful and have led the company to great success. The study identifies the effectiveness of branding on McDonalds and the problems it faced in Australia. Problem Statement The company is facing a huge decline and dropped sales in Australia and there are several reasons acting on the companys progress. The sales of McDonalds have been falling in Australia since last few years and the company is facing a huge slow down in the sales. It has been witnessed that the company has been changing its products and menus in order to gain more customer focus but the strategy did not work as it was considered that McDonalds was moving from its core offerings (Broda et al, 2006). McDonalds has started losing it stability in Australia and requires improvement in many areas. Marketing and brand awareness are two very important and significant pillars of any well known and reputed organization. Marketing provides identity and value to the products while the brand awareness makes the people aware about the company and its products. If any organization is established as a brand, then it must focus on increasing its brand awareness among various areas along with marketing its products. Though marketing has been a key aspect which McDonalds has used for getting immense awareness, the company is now facing a need of the renewed and strategic marketing and brand awareness. Compared to America, the brand awareness of McDonalds in Australia is very low even after numerous efforts of the company (Bijoor, 2011). Also due to a lot of changes in the menu and offerings, the company lost its originality and people were not ready to pay raised amounts for the new offerings. In this situation, for regaining its significant market position, the company needs to develop a fresh and new brand image by adopting brand awareness and marketing techniques. This would help in gaining its lost market share and decreased revenues. Brand awareness is the extent to which the customers know and identify the brand and associates it with the product the company specializes in. Brand awareness is the primary goal and target set while marketing and advertising. Brand awareness is the companys product image and impression in the customers memories. This can be ignited by incorporating brand recognition and brand performance (Cunningham, 2008). Thus if the company wants to battle the barriers which are hindering the companys progress in Australia, the company requires to recreate its brand image by following brand aw areness and marketing and rigorously focus on these two aspects for getting its reputation and position back in the Australian market. Objectives and Research Questions The research has to be conducted with the participation of the employees and the customers to fulfill the objectives and goals. The research is to be conducted regarding the research objectives and its impacts. After the identification of the problem statement, the objectives are developed to regain the success and significance of the company. Brand awareness and marketing are the two objectives which can be fulfilled under the participation of the customers and the employees of the company. For achieving the aim and goals settled in the study, the following research questions are to be addressed (Defever et al , 2013). To identify various factors of marketing and brand awareness which can contribute in regaining the market share and market position? To identify the effects and impacts of rebranding the product by rigorous marketing. To study the effects of marketing and brand awareness on the development of the brand and increasing the sales of the organization. To identify how can brand awareness and marketing can develop a strong position in the market and can increase the sales and contribute in the development of the organization. To identify the issues which can prevail while promoting brand awareness and marketing strategies in McDonalds Australia. To provide certain recommendations regarding the strategies which can be useful to fight the current branding issues in McDonalds. The research can be conducted to identify the impacts of these research objectives and its impacts. The prime idea and objective is to identify the possibilities proposed by marketing and brand awareness which can develop impactful results on the sales and development of the company. The companies modify their marketing strategies to redevelop or regain its revenues and to promote the organizational growth (Prete et al, 2015). The aim here is to set the objectives for McDonalds, which can help improve its brand image in Australia and provide a sustainable and effective market share in the Australian food industry. The research questions which can be addressed for this project are as follows: What change would the marketing and brand awareness bring in the current situation of the company? Would brand awareness and marketing improve the current sales ratio and revenues of the company? What issues concerning branding and marketing is McDonalds facing? How can marketing and brand awareness solve the issues which the company is facing? What kind of strategies can McDonalds use to improve its marketing and brand awareness? These research questions would be addressed in the research and various methods and strategies would be developed to incorporate brand awareness and marketing in McDonalds and regaining its position and brand image. Justification of the Potential Output of the Project The main aim of the study is to identify the impact of brand awareness and marketing strategies on McDonalds. The objective also identifies how incorporating these two strategies would improve the brand image and sales of the company. The methodologies would apply these strategies to overcome the issues faced by the company and to regain its position and significance (Antr`as, 2015). For any business to sustain in the market for a longer period, it is necessary to keep experimenting with its marketing strategies and increasing and improving its brand awareness. The more people are aware about the brand and its quality services, the more people would prefer the brand. Through effective marketing strategies, the company can reach to numerous people and the potential customers and can provide a glimpse of the services it provides. As the company has been witnessed losing its originality over the products it serves, marketing and brand awareness with new offerings and quality services wo uld help the company regain its position and brand image. Marketing and brand awareness has always helped the companies to gain fame and awareness among the customers in each and every industry (Alfaro et al, 2014). Thus, the adaptation of this methodology would help McDonalds in regaining its brand image and to increase its sales and revenues. Marketing and brand awareness would provide effective results and outcomes. Developing effective marketing strategies which showcases the redevelopment of the brand and the quality services would help the company reach its potential customers. Also through brand awareness the customers would be able to know about the changes in the brand and the offerings they provide (Farrell, 2007). These strategies would help the company stand out from the other companies and would be able to fight the barriers effecting the sales and development of the company. Marketing and brand awareness are likely to have a very positive impact on the current position of the company while providing a strong and stable brand image to the company (Aaker, 2004). Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework that includes the importance of branding shall be discussed with an impact of marketing communications and the effects on branding. With effective marketing communication, there are marketing strategies and marketing plans which need to be modified and applied in Mac Donald Australia. These marketing strategies and marketing plans may help to change the brand value and increase the efficiency of the company (Lovelock,Wirtz and Chatterjee, 2010). While adopting the branding, marketing strategies, the increase in brand value can be considered which affects the sales and the organizational development of the company. The main objective of the company is to achieve the organizational development with an increase in the brand value (Jacquelline and Kline, 2007). Sustainability is again a concern, it occurs when there is tough competition in the market and there are rivals with effective strategies adopted by the company. Methodology There are quantitative and qualitative research methodology that can be adopted by the researchers to make a comprehensive study regarding the importance of branding and its affects on the sales or organizational development. The research methodology as such qualitative research is used with regards to gain understanding that required in the marketing communication which holds the branding strategies that helps to analyze the role and the improvement in marketing strategy used by the company (Ann, Love, and McMillian, 2004). With the number of customers and the brand value created by the company, the qualitative research method allows and analyzes the marketing effect and an impact on the sales volume. There are less number of errors when the researcher tries to collect the information while using primary and secondary data collection. The method requires a certain sample which is selected randomly by the company. The respondents include customers and employees of the company, 50 and 20 respectively. The small sample size is required by the company, rather than large samples which is difficult to manage and analyze appropriately. The primary data is the information that is collected from the respondents with an interview that has been conducted with the research question. This encourages the impact of branding that has been created by the company and its effects on the volume of sales. The secondary data is the information that is already collected by the author or researchers in a previous research and are examined accordingly with the help of journals and articles (Hamilton and Webster, 2009). There are in depth interviews that are used in the primary data collection method which comprise of the interviews and the open ended questions which reveal the real reason and the current demand of the product while keeping in mind the impact of branding. For conducting an interview, there are questions that are developed which includes both open ended questions and close ended questions. The respondents are asked these questions at interview takes place with a proper feedback in response to the quick data gathering by the researcher. The study impacts positively because it is not time consuming and the data gathered is valid and clear due to the corresponding questions that are asked face to face to consumers and employees (Nations, 2011). The impact of branding for Mac Donald in Australia is a major question and the effects of sales while branding plays a significant role in improving the revenues and the information that is extracted from different sources. There is an action plan that is been created effectively and this is undertaken in the study. There are some activities that will help to improve the efficiency of the report, as such the topic selection, drafting of the proposal and the methods to be selected, data collection and proof reading are must while making an action plan (Riley, 2006). Population sampling and size There are 70 respondents for the research participation and these are targeted to encompass the survey that is conducted with the interview. With the current practices of branding and its effects, 50 customers and 20 employees are interviewed as a finding and result of the research report (Hatch and Schultz, 2003). Organization of the Study, Project Budget and Schedule The organization study includes the five chapters such as Introduction of the report, Literatrue Review, methodolgy, Data Analysis and Conclusion and findings (Nigam, 2009). In the introduction part, the research topic is specified with the research question that is very importantly considered in the research aims and objectives. It mainly addresses the question and the introduces the report with some brief ideas that are covered. Literature review consists of the literature regarding the topic with the secondary data gathered by the authors and the peer reviewed articles. The Research methodology chapter consists of the methods that can be applied in the research such as quantitative and qualitative research that brings an impact of branding when it affects the sales of the company (Jekanowski, Binkley and Eales, 2001). Mac Donald Australia has a positive impact of the marketing mix and the branding strategy that is implemented with the benefits achieved. Data analysis is the discussion of the primary and secondary data that has been collected by the company with the respondents who have been interviewed in the study. The chapter concludes with the impact of branding on sales and organizational development, whereas the recommendations for branding strategies used in the marketing communication are suggested as one of the strategies by Mac Donald Australia. Gantt Chart The time period of 10 weeks is required for the research, whereas there is a periodic breakdown with the work structure which is given in detail Action Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Topic selection --- Research aims and objectives --- Research methodology --- Secondary research with information --- Preparing the questionnaire --- --- --- Findings and conclusions --- --- --- Proof reading and final submission --- Project Budget The Project Budget is around 2000 dollars because there is a deep study that is needed to implement the branding strategies and the marketing strategies to enhance the sales volume of Mac Donald Australia. The Gantt Chart represents the indicated approach that has a study proposal and focuses on the crucial area of branding. The study findings relate to the future that has enabled and determined the companies that need an increase in the brand value effectively. Mac Donald has made efforts to create an awareness of their products and keenly determine the branding strategies that helps the customers and employees to use the products in the competitive market (Guo, Shang 2011). There are social responsibilities that can be fulfilled and these may help to attract the customers as such social responsibility towards the stakeholders is an important tool to branding and in return there are benefits that comprise of the branding process which directly affects the sales of the company. References Aaker, D.A. (2004), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Leveraging the Corporate Brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œ , California Management Review, 46 (3), pp. 6-18 Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Xiaoyang Chen (2014), The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms, Journal of International Economics 94(2): 263-276. Antr`as, Pol (2015), Global Production: Firms, Contracts and Trade Structure, Princeton University Press, forthcoming. 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